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The Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (SDHP) ((アルメニア語:Սոցիալ Դեմոկրատ Հնչակյան Կուսակցություն; ՍԴՀԿ)), is the oldest Armenian political party, founded in 1887 by a group of college students in Geneva, Switzerland. It was the first socialist party to operate the Ottoman Empire and in Persia.〔(Social Democrat Hunchakian Party )〕 Among its founders were Avetis Nazarbekian, Mariam Vardanian, Gevorg Gharadjian, Ruben Khan-Azat, Christophor Ohanian, Gabriel Kafian and Manuel Manuelian. It original goal was attaining Armenia's independence from the Ottoman Empire during the Armenian national liberation movement.〔Lebanon a Country Study By Federal Research Division - Page 185〕 The party is also known as Hentchak, Henchak, Social-Democratic Hentchaks, Huntchakians, Hnchakian, Henchags, its name is taken from its newspaper ''Hunchak,'' meaning "Clarion" or "Bell", and is taken by party members to represent "a call or awakening, for enlightenment and freedom." ==History== All seven founders of the party were Russian Armenian Marxist students who had left Russian Armenia to further their education in various universities of Western Europe. They were young, in their twenties, and supported by their affluent bourgeois families. They were influenced by social-democratic revolutionary ideology, contacted Frederick Engels, Georgi Plekhanov and later Vladimir Lenin. Mariam Vardanian had worked with Russian revolutionaries in Saint Petersburg. For the purpose of furthering revolutionary activity in Turkish Armenia, they formed the Hunchakian Revolutionary Party in August, 1887. The party's manifesto, printed in the first issue of ''Hunchak'' journal, contained this slogan: "Those who cannot attain freedom through revolutionary armed struggle are unworthy of it".〔Chalabian, Antranig. General Andranik and the Armenian Revolutionary Movement. Southfield, Michigan: Antranig Chalabian, 1988. ISBN 0-9622741-1-9, p. 58〕 Hunchak party fought many battles against the Ottoman Empire, to free the Armenian people from Turkish rule. During this period, many famous intellectuals joined Hunchakian party, including Hovhannes Tumanian, Ghazaros Aghayan, Smpad Piurad, Atrpet and Aram Andonian. One of Armenia's famous national heroes Andranik Ozanian, at first, joined the Hunchak party,〔''Andranikological Review'', Yerevan, #1 (3), 2003, p. 7.〕 but disagreement with party policies led Andranik to leave the Hunchak ranks and join the Dashnak party〔http://homepages.cae.wisc.edu/~dwilson/Armenia/andranik.html〕 and on to the Armenian Democratic Liberal Ramgavar Party. While Dashnaktsutyun sought “reforms within the framework of Ottoman Empire”, the Hunchakian party favored an independent Armenian state.〔The Armenian Genocide in Perspective, by Richard G. Hovannisian, Transaction Publishers, 2009 – p.〕 Hunchak was the official organ of Hunchakians. In 1894 in Athens and London the party published a socialist scientific monthly, ''Gaghapar'', which for the first time published "The Communist Manifesto" in Armenian, translated by Avetis and Mariam Nazarbekians. The First General Conference of Hunchakian party took place in London, in September 1896. In the Caucasus the Hunchakian party has also played a prominent role, it combated the russification policy of Viceroy Galitzin, the Russian governor of Caucasus. In 1903 Paramaz organized the assassination attempt of Golitsin. Paramaz was also one of the organizers of self-defence troops during the Armenian-Tatar massacres of 1905-06. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Social Democrat Hunchakian Party」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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